Pronouns help us avoid using the same noun repeatedly. Here’s an example:

• Without Pronouns:
  “Arun is practicing for Arun’s match. Arun wants to perform well, and Arun hopes to win the match.”
• With Pronouns:
  “Arun is practicing for his match. He wants to perform well, and he hopes to win it.”

In this example, “his” and “he” replace Arun, making the sentence shorter.

• Ramesh loves playing cricket. He enjoys it more than any other game.
  (Here, “he” replaces Ramesh, and “it” replaces cricket.)
• They will arrive early tomorrow.
  (Here, “they” is used for a group of people instead of naming each person.)
• Someone left their jacket on the chair.
  (Here, “someone” is used instead of identifying the person.)

• I, me, we, us
• You, your, yours
• He, she, it, they
• Him, her, them
• Who, whose, which, what
• Somebody, anybody, nobody

There are ten main types of pronouns:

Type of Pronoun	Explanation	Examples
Personal Pronoun	Replaces names of people or things in sentences to avoid repetition.	I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Possessive Pronoun	Shows ownership or belonging. Replaces a noun to avoid repeating names.	mine, yours, his, hers, ours
Demonstrative Pronoun	Points to specific items being talked about.	this, that, these, those
Relative Pronoun	Connects two parts of a sentence and gives more details about a noun.	who, whom, whose, which, that
Reflexive Pronoun	Refers back to the subject of the sentence and shows the action is done by the same person or thing.	myself, yourself, himself, herself
Indefinite Pronoun	Refers to people or things in a general way without naming them specifically.	someone, anything, nobody, everyone
Intensive Pronoun	Adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Same form as a reflexive pronoun but used only for emphasis.	itself, herself, himself, ourselves
Interrogative Pronoun	Used to ask questions.	who, whom, whose, what
Reciprocal Pronoun	Express mutual actions or relationships.	each other, one another
Distributive Pronoun	Refers to the individual elements of a group.	each, either

A personal pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a specific person, thing, or group. These pronouns can represent the speaker, the person being spoken to, or the person or thing being spoken about. These pronouns change depending on who or what they refer to:

• First Person: Refers to the person speaking or writing (I, me, we, us).
• Second Person: Refers to the person being spoken to (you).
• Third Person: Refers to someone or something being spoken about (he, him, she, her, it, they, them).

• The teacher explained the topic. She also gave homework.
• My friends like hiking. We go on trips every month.

Relative pronouns link parts of a sentence and provide more information. Common relative pronouns include who, whom, that, which, what.

• The man who helped me was kind.
• The house that we saw is on sale.
• This is the bike which I borrowed.

Who vs. Whom:

• Who is used as the subject of a sentence.
• Whom is used as the object of a verb or preposition.

Examples:

• Who is coming to the meeting?
• The package was sent to whom?

A demonstrative pronoun is a pronoun used to point to specific things or people. It indicates which noun is being referred to, often based on proximity (near or far) in time or space.  They include this, that, these, those.

• This and these refer to nearby items.
• That and those refer to items farther away.

• This is the book I borrowed.
• Those are the chairs for the event.

Indefinite pronouns refer to general people or things without identifying them. Common examples include someone, anyone, everyone, none, all.

• Someone left the door open.
• None of the answers were correct.
• Everybody is welcome to join.

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. These pronouns include myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

• He prepared lunch for himself.
• I reminded myself to finish the report.
• Take care of yourselves.

An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasize its antecedent (the noun or pronoun it refers to). It is identical in form to a reflexive pronoun but serves a different purpose—it adds emphasis rather than functioning as an object.

• I will handle the task myself.
• She repaired the machine herself.
• The team completed the project themselves.

A possessive pronoun is a pronoun that shows ownership or possession. It replaces a noun phrase that indicates possession. Possessive pronouns are used to indicate that something belongs to someone or something. They include mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs.

• This bag is mine.
• The keys are theirs.
• Is this pen yours?

An interrogative pronoun is a pronoun used to ask questions. These pronouns help inquire about people, things, or information. These include who, whom, whose, what, which.

• Who is calling?
• What is in the box
• Which road should we take?

A reciprocal pronoun is a pronoun used when two or more people, groups, or things perform an action with mutual or shared effect. It indicates that the action is reciprocated between the parties involved. They include each other and one another.

• The two friends help each other.
• The players congratulated one another after the match.

A distributive pronoun refers to individuals in a group separately, rather than collectively. It emphasizes that the members of the group are considered one at a time. These include each, either, neither, any, none.

• Each student must bring a notebook.
• You can choose either seat.
• None of the trains are running today.

Pronouns are used in many ways and have different forms depending on their position in a sentence or the noun they replace. Their form may change based on number (singular or plural), person (first, second, or third), gender, or case (subject or object).

Below is a simple overview of pronouns and how they are used:

Type	Pronouns	Example Sentences
Personal	I/me, you, they/them, he/him, she/her, it, we/us	I completed the task early. They went to the park.
Relative	that, what, which, who, whom, whose	The book that I borrowed is on the table. The man who called left a message.
Demonstrative	this, that, these, those	This is my favorite movie. Those shoes are too small.
Indefinite	another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, neither, nobody, none, no one, one, other, some, somebody, someone, such	Someone knocked on the door. Nobody knew the answer.
Reflexive	myself, yourself/yourselves, themselves, herself, himself, oneself, itself, ourselves	She prepared herself for the meeting. The cat groomed itself.
Intensive	myself, yourself/yourselves, themselves, herself, himself, oneself, itself, ourselves	I baked this cake myself. The manager herself approved the changes.
Possessive	mine, yours, theirs, his, hers, its, ours	The house is theirs. This pen is mine.
Interrogative	what, which, who, whose	Who is responsible for this? Which color do you prefer?
Reciprocal	each other, one another	The twins help each other with homework. The players congratulated one another after the game.
Distributive	either, each, neither, any, none	Each student submitted an assignment. Neither option is suitable.