Definition of Present Indefinite Tense

The Present Indefinite Tense, also known as the Simple Present Tense, is used to express habits, universal truths, repeated actions, or facts. In Hindi, sentences in this tense often end with “ता है,” “ती है,” or “ते हैं.”

Example:

• मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। (Main school jata hoon.)
• वह गाना गाती है। (Woh gana gaati hai.)
• वे खेलते हैं। (Ve khelte hain.)

Which Helping Verb to Use with Which Subject?

1. सकारात्मक वाक्यों (Affirmative Sentences) में:

अगर Subject एक 3rd Person Singular है, तो क्रिया के साथ “s या es” जोड़ा जाता है।
(If the subject is a 3rd person singular, add “s” or “es” to the verb.)

Examples:

• Plays, Makes, Eats, Goes, Grows, Washes, Pushes

2. बाकी किसी भी Subject के साथ:

3rd Person Singular के अलावा किसी Subject के साथ “s या es” नहीं लगाया जाता।
(Apart from 3rd person singular, no “s” or “es” is added to the verb.)

3. Negative, Interrogative, और Negative Interrogative वाक्यों में:

3rd Person Singular Subject के साथ:

• DOES का प्रयोग होता है।
  (Use “DOES” with a 3rd person singular subject.)

बाकी सभी Subjects के साथ:

• DO का प्रयोग होता है।
  (Use “DO” with other subjects.)

1st, 2nd & 3rd Person Singular & Plural Subjects

Person	Singular	Plural
1st Person	I	We
2nd Person	You	You
3rd Person	He/She/It	They

Rules for Present Indefinite Tense

1. Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्य):

• Structure: Subject + Verb (1st form) + (s/es with 3rd person singular) + Object

Examples:

• वह गाना गाती है। (Woh gana gaati hai.)
  She sings a song.
• वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं। (Ve cricket khelte hain.)
  They play cricket.

2. Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य):

• Structure: Subject + do/does + not + Verb (1st form) + Object

Examples:

• मैं किताबें नहीं पढ़ता। (Main kitabein nahin padhta.)
  I do not read books.
• वह स्कूल नहीं जाता। (Woh school nahin jata.)
  He does not go to school.

3. Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):

Structure: + do/does + Subject + Verb (1st form) + Object?

Examples:

• तुम क्या करते हो? (Tum kya karte ho?)
  What do you do?
• वह कहाँ जाता है? (Woh kahaan jata hai?)
  Where does he go?

4. Negative Interrogative Sentences (नकारात्मक प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):

• Structure: + do/does + Subject + not + Verb (1st form) + Object?

Examples:

• तुम स्कूल क्यों नहीं जाते? (Tum school kyon nahin jate?)
  Why do you not go to school?
• वह पढ़ाई क्यों नहीं करती? (Woh padhai kyon nahin karti?)
  Why does she not study?

Special Case (जब Subject नहीं दिया गया हो):

Interrogative Sentence (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य):

• Structure: + Verb (1st form) + (s/es with 3rd person singular) + Object?

Examples:

• कौन किताबें पढ़ता है? (Kaun kitabein padhta hai?)
  Who reads books?
• कौन सच्चाई बोलता है? (Kaun sachchai bolta hai?)
  Who tells the truth?

When to Use “s” and “es”: Present Indefinite Tense

केवल सकारात्मक वाक्यों में (In Affirmative Sentences only) –
अगर Subject एक 3rd person Singular Subject है, तो उस sentence में क्रिया के साथ “s या es” लगाया जाता है। जैसे – Plays, Makes, Eats, Goes, Grows, Washes, Wishes, Pushes etc. (कहाँ पर क्रिया के साथ S लगाएँ, कहाँ पर  ES लगाएँ – ये बात आगे बतायी गयी है।)
बाकी किसी भी Subject (3rd person Singular Subject के अलावा) के case में क्रिया के साथ “S या ES” कभी भी नहीं लगाया जाता है।

• If the verb ends with ‘o’, es is added at the end of the verb.
  Example: go becomes goes, do becomes does, etc.
• If the verb ends with ‘ss’ or ‘sh’, es is added at the end of the verb.
  Example: kiss becomes kisses, Wish becomes Wishes, etc.
• If the verb ends with ‘x’, ‘zz’, or ‘ch’, es is added at the end of the verb.
  Example: fix becomes fixes, buzz becomes buzzes, Catch becomes Catches, etc.
• If the main verb ends with y with a consonant preceding it, es is added at the end of the verb.
  Example: marry becomes marries, try becomes tries, etc.

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Present Indefinite Tense Practice Exercise

वो अक्सर हर गलती के लिए मुझे दोष देता है।

(Vo aksar har galti ke lie mujhe dosh deta hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
He often blames me for every mistake.

तुम लोगों को कैसे गुमराह करते हो?

(Tum logon ko kaise gumrah karte ho?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
How do you mislead people?

कुछ लोग बचपन से ही हकलाते हैं।

(Kuchh log bachpan se hi haklaate hain.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Some people stammer since childhood.

हम नदी में रोज़ डुबकी लगाते हैं।

(Ham nadi me roz dubki lagate hain.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
We dive in the river every day.

साँप रेंगता क्यों है?

(Saanp rengta kyon hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Why does the snake creep?

मैं किसी को पैसा उधार नहीं देता।

(Main kisi ko paisa udhaar nahin deta.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
I do not lend money to anyone.

मैं कभी किसी को पैसा उधार नहीं देता।

(Main kabhi kisi ko paisa udhaar nahin deta.)
I never lend money to anyone.

मैं किसी से पैसा उधार नहीं लेता।

(Main kisi se paisa udhaar nahin leta.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
I do not borrow money from anyone.

मैं कभी किसी से पैसा उधार नहीं लेता।

(Main kabhi kisi se paisa udhaar nahin leta.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
I never borrow money from anyone.

तुम्हें पैसे उधार कौन देता है?

(Tumhe paise udhaar kaun deta hai?)
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who lends money to you? / Who lends you money?

तुमसे पैसे उधार कौन लेता है?

(Tumse paise udhaar kaun leta hai?)
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who borrows money from you?

कौन-कौन स्कूल जाते हैं?

(Kaun kaun school jaate hain?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Who all do go to school?
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who all go to school?

तुम्हारे साथ कौन खेलता है?

(Tumhare sath kaun khelta hai?)
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who plays with you?

रवि शायद ही कभी यहाँ आता है।

(Ravi shayad hi kabhi yahaan aata hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Ravi rarely comes here./
Ravi seldom comes here.

रवि कभी कभी यहाँ आता है।

(Ravi kabhi kabhi yahaan aata hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Ravi sometimes comes here.

हर कोई धोनी की कप्तानी की खूब प्रशंसा करता है।

(Har koi Dhoni ki kaptaani ki khoob prashansa karta hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Everyone praises Dhoni’s captaincy a lot./
Everyone appreciates Dhoni’s captaincy a lot.

कीड़े के काटने से शरीर सूज जाता है।

(Keede ke kaatane se shareer sooj jaata hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
The body swells due to insect bite.

ऐसे लोग छोटे बच्चों को चॉकलेट दिखाकर ललचाते हैं।

(Aise log chhote bachcho ko chocolate dikhakar lalchate hain.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Such people tempt small children by showing them chocolate.
Such people allure small children by showing them chocolate.

मुझे रात को पढ़ना अच्छा नहीं लगता।

(Mujhe raat ko padhna acha nahi lagta.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
I do not like to study at night./
I do not like studying at night.

आप कब-कब खेलने आते हो?

(Aap kab-kab khelne aate ho?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
How often do you come to play?

राहुल कहाँ-कहाँ जाता है?

(Rahul kahaan-kahaan jata hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Where all does Rahul go?

कौन कहाँ जाता है?

(Kaun kahaan jata hai?)
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who goes where?

कौन कौन कहाँ कहाँ जाते हैं?

(Kaun kaun kahaan kahaan jate hain?)
SPECIAL CASE —-> <WH>+ Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.?
Who all go where all?

तुम कहाँ जाते हो और क्यों?

(Tum kahaan jaate ho aur kyon?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Where do you go and why?

हम सभी लोग उस नेता को पसंद नहीं करते।

(Hum sabhi log us neta ko pasand nahi karte.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
We all people do not like that leader.

तुम्हारा चेहरा मुझे किसी की याद दिलाता है।

(Tumhara chehra mujhe kisi ki yaad dilata hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Your face reminds me of someone.

वो तुम्हारे घर की तरफ क्यों आता है?

(Vo tumhare ghar ki taraf kyon aata hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Why does he come towards your home?

वो तुम्हें धमकी क्यों देता है?

(Vo tumhe dhamaki kyon deta hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Why does he threaten you?

वो लड़का ऐसा क्यों सोचता है?

(Vo ladka aisa kyon sochta hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Why does that boy think so?

ये बच्चे कहाँ रहते हैं?

(Ye bachche kahaan rahte hain?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Where do these children live?
Where do these kids live?

मैं किसके बारे में सोचता हूँ?

(Main kiske baare me sochta hoon?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
About whom do I think?
Whom do I think about?

वो आदमी मुझसे नहीं मिलता है।

(Vo aadmi mujhse nahi milta hai.)
Sub. + do/does + not + Verb 1^st form + Obj.
That man does not meet me.

मैं तुम्हारे बारे में क्या सोचता हूँ?

(Main tumhare baare me kya sochta hoon?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
What do I think about you?

रिया अपना काम खुद करती है।

(Riya apna kaam khud karti hai.)
Sub. + Verb 1^st form + (s,es – 3^rd person singular) + Obj.
Riya does her work herself.

रश्मि कब तक ऑफिस में रहती है?

(Rashmi kab tak office me rahti hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
How long does Rashmi stay in the office?

वो किसकी कार चलाती है?

(Vo kiski car chalati hai?)
<WH>+ do/does + Sub. + Verb 1^st form + Obj.?
Whose car does she drive?